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Questions and Answers of Question of the Week quizz.

What is trisomy and give one example?

Answer: When a cell contains three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two. Down Syndrome is a condition where an additional third chromosome 21 or "trisomy 21" is present in a cell. http://www.ds-health.com/trisomy.htm

How is Cystic Fibrosis inherited?

Answer: A person must inherit two abnormal recessive genes-one from each parent. CF gene is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder.

What is Proteomics?

Answer: Proteomics is defined as a large-scale study of proteins, usually by biochemical methods.

What comes after replication and transcription?

Answer: Translation

What is a wild type phenotype?

Answer: The phenotype or characteristic of an organism that occurs most frequently in nature (as opposed to mutant phenotype).

What is the definition of a mutation?

Answer: A change in a specific sequence of a DNA or RNA that affects the genetic message.

What is Genetic Engineering?

Answer: It is the transfer of genes from one organism to another using sophisticated techniques known as recombinant DNA technology.

Where is the term DNA Fingerprinting used?

Answer: Forensic Sciences

In what micro-organism was the DNA first discovered?

Answer: Bacteria (pneumococci)

Who was known as the 'Father of Genetics'?

Answer: Gregor Mendel.

How Many Chromosomes Do Humans Have?

Answer: 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 chromosomes.

What was the first cloned animal?

Answer: Sheep (or lamb)

How do DNA and RNA differ?

Answer: DNA consists of a deoxyribonucleotide, while RNA consists of a ribonucleotide- DNA contains the base thymine, while RNA contains the base uracil.

What was the greatest accomplishment in Genetics that occurred during late June of 2000?

Answer: Decoding (or sequencing) the human genome. Decoding (or sequencing) the human genome.

What is the procedure of injecting a piece of genetic material into a patient called?

Answer: Gene Therapy Gene Therapy

Who discovered the DNA?

Answer: James Watson and Francis Crick

What component of the cell, other than the nucleus, contains DNA material? (hint: see Solve-the-Case # 5)

Answer: The Mitochondria

What method is used to decode the DNA?

Answer: DNA sequencing

What method(s) of DNA analysis is used in forensic science?

Answer: RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) and PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).

What is the genetic term used when a plant or animal has two identical alleles at a single locus on the chromosome?

Answer: Homozygous

What is the genetic term used when a plant or animal has two different alleles at a single locus on the chromosome?

Answer: Heterozygous

What type of gene is obscured in the phenotype of an offspring?

Answer: A recessive gene

What word is used in genetics to refer to a trait or appearance of an organism?

Answer: Phenotype

What type of cell does not have a nucleus?

Answer: Red blood cell or erythrocyte

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